Excess glucose or fat differentially affects metabolism and appetite-related gene expression during zebrafish embryogenesis

•Embryo response to excess glucose varies with developmental stages•FFA/TAG promotes fat use, impacting embryo metabolism•Excess or FFA/TAG elicits distinct gene expression responses•Nutrient sources influence appetite during development Zebrafish embryos use their yolk sac reserve as the sole nutrient source embryogenesis. The two main forms of energy fuel can be found in form fat. were exposed injected free fatty acid/Triacylglycerol (FFA/TAG) into at 24 hpf. At 72 hpf, had differential effects on embryos, activating lipolysis and β-oxidation insulin pathway. Bulk RNA-seq revealed that more was affected by exposure compared FFA/TAGs injection. Appetite-controlling genes also differently injections. Because did not yet feed itself time our analysis, changes occurred absence actual hunger how manages its intake before active feeding. availability maternal nutrients has a direct impact fetal growth.1Wu Y. Zhang Q. 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